St George’s Tower in Oxford Castle is one of two surviving towers in Oxford. It was built around 1020 (we’re not sure when, exactly) AD. Nearly 25 meters high (it might have been higher when first built), the tower is the oldest building in Oxford.
St George’s Tower was originally constructed as part of the fortified Norman motte-and-bailey castle built by Robert D’Oyly, a Norman baron, shortly after the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. The tower is believed to have been built on the site of an earlier Saxon structure and may have served as the keep of the original castle.
One of its earliest roles was as a bell tower for St George’s Chapel, which was situated nearby and was the center of Oxford’s ecclesiastical life during the Middle Ages. The chapel and tower played a crucial role in the religious and administrative functions of the castle, serving as a place of worship, a court, and a council chamber.
St George's Tower's Architectural Features
St George’s Tower is constructed from local limestone and is a classic example of early Norman military architecture. Its thick walls, narrow windows, and strong, square design were intended to provide defense against potential attackers. The tower is approximately 20 meters high, offering strategic views over the surrounding area, which was vital for the defense of the castle and the town.
The interior of the tower includes a spiral staircase that leads up to a viewing platform, offering panoramic views of Oxford. The tower’s robust structure has allowed it to survive the centuries, even as much of the original Oxford Castle was altered or demolished.
Later History and Use
After the Norman period, Oxford Castle evolved into a prison, and St George’s Tower became part of the prison complex. The castle’s prison function continued well into the 20th century, with the tower being used for various purposes, including as a debtors’ prison.
Today, St George’s Tower is a key feature of the Oxford Castle & Prison visitor attraction, where it plays a central role in telling the story of Oxford’s medieval past. Visitors can climb to the top of the tower to enjoy views of the city and explore the historical exhibitions within the castle complex.
Can you Visit St George's Tower?
St George’s Tower is not only an architectural landmark but also a symbol of Oxford’s medieval heritage. It has witnessed nearly a millennium of history, from the Norman Conquest through the Reformation, and into the modern era. Its preservation and continued use as part of the Oxford Castle & Prison attraction allow visitors to connect with the deep historical roots of the city.
If you are visiting Oxford, you can climb the tower and admire the awe-inspiring view. The tower is a clear statement of military power and a must-see if you are in the city.
